Greek First Declension Paradigms
THE FIRST DECLENSION is formed by fusing the stem vowel ᾱ (alpha) to the case endings. In the nominative this takes the form of either -α or -η in the feminine and ας or ης n the masculine.
GENERAL RULE FOR THE FIRST DECLENSION: when the stem vowel (ᾱ) is preceded by another vowel or a ρ (rho) then an α (alpha) is used throughout the singular (like θάλασσα and χώρα below), but when the stem vowel (ᾱ) is preceded by a consonant then it is changed to an η (ēta) in the singular.
1st Declension: Feminine
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Singular
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|
Case Ending:
ᾱ stem |
νίκη (νῑκᾱ-)
victory |
θάλασσα (θαλασσᾱ-)
sea |
χώρα (χωρᾱ-)
land | |
| Nom. |
-α or -η
|
νίκη
|
θάλασσα
|
χώρα
|
| Gen. |
-ας or -ης
|
νίκης
|
θαλάσσης
|
χώρας
|
| Dat. |
-ᾳ or -ῃ
|
νίκῃ
|
θαλάσσῃ
|
χώρᾳ
|
| Acc. |
-αν or -ην
|
νίκην
|
θάλασσαν
|
χάραν
|
| Voc. |
-α or -η
|
νίκη
|
θάλασσα
|
χώρα
|
Dual
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| N. A. V. |
-ᾱ
|
νίκᾱ
|
θαλάσσᾱ
|
χάρᾱ
|
| G. D. |
-ῃιν
|
νίκαιν
|
θαλάσσῃιν
|
χώραιν
|
Plural
| ||||
| N. V. |
-ᾱι
|
νῖκαι
|
θάλασσαι
|
χῶραι
|
| Gen. |
-ῶν
|
νικῶν
|
θαλασσαῶν [έων, ῶν]
|
χωρῶν
|
| Dat. |
-αις or -ῃσι
|
νίκαις
|
θαλάσσῃσι, ῃς
|
χώραις
|
| Acc. |
-ᾱς
|
νίκας
|
θαλάσσας
|
χώρας
|
1st Declension: Masculine
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Singular
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Case Endings:
ᾱ Stem |
πολίτης (πολῑτᾱ-)
citizen |
Ἀτρεΐδης (Ἀτρεϝιδᾱ-)
son of Atreus |
κριτής (κριτᾱ-)
judge | |
| Nom. |
-ης
|
πολίτης
|
Ἀτρεΐδης
|
κριτής
|
| Gen. |
-αο
|
πολίτᾱο, ου
|
Ἀτρεΐδᾱο [ου]
|
κριτοῦ
|
| Dat. |
-ῃ
|
πολίτῃ
|
Ἀτρεΐδῃ
|
κριτῇ
|
| Acc. |
-ην
|
πολίτην
|
Ἀτρεΐδην
|
κριτήν
|
| Voc. |
-η
|
πολῖτα
|
Ἀτρεΐδη
|
κριτά
|
Dual
| ||||
| N. A. V. |
-ᾱ
|
πολίτᾱ
|
Ἀτρεΐδᾱ
|
κριτά
|
| G. D. |
-αιν
|
πολίτῃιν
|
Ἀτρεΐδῃιν
|
κριταῖν
|
Plural
| ||||
| N. V. |
-αι
|
πολῖται
|
Ἀτρεΐδαι
|
κριταί
|
| Gen. |
-ῶν
|
πολιτῶν
|
Ἀτρεϊδάων [έων, ῶν]
|
κριτῶν
|
| Dat. |
-αις or -ῃς
|
πολίτῃσι, ῃς
|
Ἀτρεΐδῃσι, ῃς
|
κριταῖς
|
| Acc. |
-ας
|
πολίτας
|
Ἀτρεΐδᾱς
|
κριτάς
|
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