Third Declension Paradigms
Consonant Stem Endings: Labial (π, β, φ), Palatal (κ, γ, χ), Dental(τ, δ, θ), Liquid (λ, ρ), and Nasal (ν).
Vowel Endings: vowels ([ες, ας], [ι, υ], [ευ, αυ, ου], and οι).
The formation of the nominative is generally as follows:
- π, β, and φ + ς becomes ψ.
- τ, δ, and θ + ς becomes σσ which is contracted to ς.
- κ, γ, χ, and κτ + ς becomes ξ
The stem endings for all other cases are:
Masculine: ντ, ητ, ωτ,ν, ρ, ευ.
Feminine: γον, τητ, δ, θ, ι, υ, οι, ατ, αρ, ας, ες, ι, υ.
Neuter: ατ, αρ, ας, ες, ι, υ.
Feminine: γον, τητ, δ, θ, ι, υ, οι, ατ, αρ, ας, ες, ι, υ.
Neuter: ατ, αρ, ας, ες, ι, υ.
Case Endings: π, β, φ, τ, δ, θ, κ, γ, χ, λ, ρ, and ν Stems
| ||||||
|
Singular
|
Dual
|
Plural
| ||||
| Nom. |
ς (none)
| N. A. V. |
ε
| M. & F. | Neut. | |
| Gen. |
ος [ευς , ους, ως]
| G. D. |
οιιν
| N. V. |
ες [εις, ους]
|
α, [η, ω]
|
| Dat. |
ι [ῳ]
| Gen. |
ων
| |||
| Acc. |
ν, α [η, ω]
| Dat. |
σι, εσσι, εσι
| |||
| Voc. | none | Acc. |
ς, ας [ις, υς, εις]
|
α, [η]
| ||
3rd Declension: Labial (π, β, φ) and Palatal (κ, γ, χ) Stems
| ||||
Singular
| ||||
|
Αἰθίοψ, ὁ (Αἰθιοπ-)
Ethiopian |
φλέψ, ἡ (φλεβ-)
vein, artery |
αἴξ, ὁ ἡ (αἰγ-)
goat |
θρίξ, ἡ (τριχ-)
hair | |
| Nom. |
αἰθίοψ
|
φλέψ
|
αἴξ
|
θρίξ
|
| Gen. |
αἰθίοπος
|
φλεβός
|
αἰγός
|
τριχός
|
| Dat. |
αἰθίοπι
|
φλεβί
|
αἰγί
|
τριχί
|
| Acc. |
αἰθίοπα
|
φλέβα
|
αἰγα
|
τρίχα
|
| Voc. |
αἰθίοψ
|
φλέψ
|
αἴξ
|
θρίξ
|
Dual
| ||||
| N. A. V. |
αἰθίοπε
|
φλέβε
|
αἶγε
|
τρίχε
|
| G. D. |
αἰθιόποιν
|
φλεβοῖν
|
αἰγοῖν
|
τριχοῖν
|
Plural
| ||||
| N. V. |
αἰθίοπες
|
φλέβες
|
αἶγες
|
τρίχες
|
| Gen. |
αἰθιόπων
|
φλεβῶν
|
αἰγῶν
|
τριχῶν
|
| Dat. |
αἰθιόπεσσι [αἰθίοψι]
|
φλεψί
|
αἴγεσσι
[αἰξί] |
θριξί
|
| Acc. |
αἰθίοπας
|
φλέβας
|
αἶγας
|
τρίχας
|
3rd Declension: Dental Stems (τ, δ, θ)
| ||||
Singular
| ||||
ἄναξ, ὁ (ϝανακτ-)
king, lord |
σῶμα, τὸ (σωματ-)
body |
ἐλπίς, ἡ (ἐλπιδ-)
hope |
ὄρνις, ὁ ἡ (ὀρνιθ-)
bird | |
| Nom. |
ἄναξ
|
σῶμα
|
ἐλπίς
|
ὄρνις
|
| Gen. |
ἄνακτος
|
σώματος
|
ἐλπίδος
|
ὄρνιθος
|
| Dat. |
ἄνακτι
|
σώματι
|
ἐλπίδι
|
ὄρνιθι
|
| Acc. |
ἄνακτα
|
σῶμα
|
ἐλπίδα
|
ὄρνιν
|
| Voc. |
ἄναξ
|
σῶμα
|
ἐλπί
|
ὄρνι
|
Dual
| ||||
| N. A. V. |
ἄνακτε
|
σώματε
|
ἐλπίδε
|
ὄρνιθε
|
| G. D. |
ἀνάκτοιν
|
σωμάτοιν
|
ἐλπίδοιν
|
ὀρνίθοιν
|
Plural
| ||||
| N. V. |
ἄνακτες
|
σώματα
|
ἐλπίδες
|
ὄρνιθες
|
| Gen. |
ἀνάκτων
|
σωμάτων
|
ἐλπίδων
|
ὀρνίθων
|
| Dat. |
ἄναξι
|
σώμασι
|
ἐλπίσι
|
ὄρνισι
|
| Acc. |
ἄνακτας
|
σώματα
|
ἐλπίδας
|
ὄρνιθας
|
3rd Declension: Liquid (λ, ρ) and Nasal (ν) Stems
| |||
Singular
| |||
ἀγών, (ἀγων-)
gathering |
ῥήτωρ (ῥητορ-)
orator |
θήρ (θηρ-)
beast | |
| Nom. |
ἀγών
|
ῥήτωρ
|
θήρ
|
| Gen. |
ἀγῶνος
|
ῥήτορος
|
θηρός
|
| Dat. |
ἀγῶνι
|
ῥήτορι
|
θηρί
|
| Acc. |
ἀγῶνα
|
ῥήτορα
|
θῆρα
|
| Voc. |
ἀγών
|
ῥῆτορ
|
θήρ
|
Dual
| |||
| N. A. V. |
ἀγῶνε
|
ῥήτορε
|
θῆρε
|
| G. D. |
ἀγώνοιν
|
ῥητόροιν
|
θηροῖν
|
Plural
| |||
| N. V. |
ἀγῶνες
|
ῥήτορες
|
θῆρες
|
| Gen. |
ἀγώνων
|
ῥητόρων
|
θηρῶν
|
| Dat. |
ἀγῶσι
|
ῥήτορσι
|
θηρσί
|
| Acc. |
ἀγῶνας
|
ῥήτορας
|
θῆρας
|
SIGMA STEMS CONTRACT when the stem sigma drops off between the vowel and the stem. Hence γένε(σ)ος becomes γένους . Often the stems in ι and υ have ε instead of ι and ως instead of ος in the genitive singular such as the genitive singular πόλεως when would normally expect πόλιος. Contraction also regularly takes place when possible.
3rd Declension: Vowel Stems In ες, ας and ι, υ
| ||||
Singular
| ||||
|
γένος, τὸ (γενεσ-)
race, people |
γέρας, τὸ (γερασ-)
Prize |
πόλις, ἡ (πολι-)
city-state |
ἰχθύς, ὁ (ἰχθυ-)
fish | |
| Nom. |
γένος
|
γέρας
|
πόλις
|
ἰχθύς
|
| Gen. |
γένους [γένε-ος]
|
γέρως [γέρα-ος]
|
πόλεως
|
ἰχθύος
|
| Dat. |
γένει
|
γέραι
|
πόλει
|
ἰχθύϊ
|
| Acc. |
γένος
|
γέρας
|
πόλιν
|
ἰχθύν
|
| Voc. |
γένος
|
γέρας
|
πόλι
|
ἰχθύ
|
Dual
| ||||
| N. A. V. |
γένει [γένε-ε]
|
γέρα [γέρα-α]
|
πόλει
|
ἰχθύε
|
| G. D. |
γενοῖν [γενέ-οιν]
|
γέρῳν [γερά-οιν]
|
πολέοιν
|
ἰχθύοιν
|
Plural
| ||||
| N. V. |
γένη [γένε-α]
|
γέρα [γέρα-α]
|
πόλεις
|
ἰχθύες
|
| Gen. |
γενῶν [γενέ-ων]
|
γερῶν [γερά-ων]
|
πόλεων
|
ἰχθύων
|
| Dat. |
γένεσι
|
γέρασι
|
πόλεσι
|
ἰχθύσι
|
| Acc. |
γένη [γένε-α]
|
γέρα [γέρα-α]
|
πόλεις
|
ἰχθῦς
|
3rd Declension: Vowel Stems In ευ, αυ, ου, and οι
| |||
Singular
| |||
|
βασιλεύς, ὁ (βοσιληυ-, -ευ-)
king, chief |
ναῦς (νηῦς), ἡ (ναυ-)
ship |
βοῦς, ὁ ἡ (βου-)
cow, ox | |
| Nom. |
βασιλεύς
|
ναῦς [νηῦς]
|
βοῦς
|
| Gen. |
βασιλέως [-ῆος]
|
νεώς [νηός]
|
βοός
|
| Dat. |
βασιλεῖ [-ῆι]
|
νηΐ [νηί]
|
βοΐ
|
| Acc. |
βασιλέα [-ῆα]
|
ναῦν [νῆα]
|
βοῦν
|
| Voc. |
βασιλεῦ
|
ναῦ [νηῦ]
|
βοῦ
|
Dual
| |||
| N. A. V. |
βασιλῆ [-ῆε]
|
νῆε
|
βόε
|
| G. D. |
βασιλέοιν [-ήοιν]
|
νεοῖν [νηοῖν]
|
βοοῖν
|
Plural
| |||
| N. V. |
βασιλῆς [-ῆες]
|
νῆες
|
βόες
|
| Gen. |
βασιλέων [-ήων]
|
νεῶν [νηῶν]
|
βοῶν
|
| Dat. |
βασιλεῦσι [-ήεσσι]
|
ναυσί [νηυσι]
|
βουσί
|
| Acc. |
βασιλέας [-ῆας]
|
ναῦς [νῆας]
|
βοῦς
|
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