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Clyde Pharr's Homeric Greek: Chapter 5
Vocabulary
ἀείδω – sing (of), hymn, chant.
ἀν- – (ἀ- before consonants), an inseparable prefix, not, un-, dis-, -less, without.
ἁνδάνω – please (with dat.)
ἀτίμαζω – dishonor, slight, insult.
βαίνω – come, go, walk.
εἰς (ἐς) – adv., and prep. with acc., to, into, until, therein.
ἔχω – have hold, keep.
καίω – burn consume.
λύω – loose, free, break up, destroy.
ὀλέκω – kill, destroy, ruin.
πέμπω – send, escort, conduct.
τελείω – accomplish, fulfill, complete.
τεύχω – make, do, fashion, perform, cause, prepare.
φέρω – bear, carry, bring.
Greek to English
- We sing of the plans of many goddesses
- The terrible clash of the evil sea is not pleasing to the spirit of the goddess.
- Who dishonors the beautiful goddesses?
- We do not dishonor the fatherland, for it is dear (to us).
- They come from Cilla into Chrysa.
- Do they burn many funeral pyres in Chrysa on the sea?
- We have many good plans.
- Do you burn funeral pyres in (your) country?
- You two loose, you loose, we loose, they loose, you (pl) loose.
- We killed many wicked lives in (our) beloved fatherland.
- Who sends the goddesses to Chrysa?
- You fulfill the good plans for (your) beloved country.
- We accomplished the plan of the beloved goddess.
- We prepare funeral pyres.
- What do you send? What do they send?
English to Greek
- τί ἀείδει κακὰς βουλὰς καλάων θεάων;
- ἐν κίλλῃ κλαγγὴ θάλασσης ἁνδάνει ψυχῇ θεᾶς.
- θεὰς πάτρης φίλης οὐκ ἀτιμάζομεν.
- βαίνεις ἐκ Χρύσην εἰς Κιλλην;
- θεά βαίνετον ἐκ θάλασσης ἐις Κιλλην.
- καίουσι πυρὰ ἐν πάτῃ.
- πολλὰς βουλὰς καλάς ἔχουσι.
- λύσομεν, λύσεις, λύετον, λύει.
- θεά ὀλέκει πολλὰς ψυχὰς κακάς.
- εἰς πάτῃ φίλῃ θεάν πέμπομεν.
- βουλὴν πάτρης τελειουσι.
- πυρὴν τεύχει.
- τί φέρει;
Things to Remember
First Conjugation (Greek 1st conjugation in more detail)
Singular
1. λύω – I loose, am loosing, do loose
2. λύεις – you loose,are loosing, do loose
3. λύει – he looses, is loosing, does loose
Dual
2 λύετον – you two loose, etc.
3 λύετον – they two loose, etc.
Plural
1 λύομεν – we loose, etc.
2 λύετε – you loose, etc.
3 λύουσι – they loose, etc.
Interesting to know:
The infinitive is a verbal noun, formerly used in several cases, but restricted in Greek to old case-forms of the dative and locative.
Thematic and Athematic forms.— With respect to form Greek verbs fall into two main classes:
- -ω verbs, i.e. those ending in -ω in the first person singular, present active indicative, sometimes called thematic verbs. Thematic verbs are so named because in a majority of their forms the personal ending is preceded by ο or ε (ο before μ or ν, or in the optative mode, otherwise ε), which is called the thematic vowel. Thus λύ(ο/ε) is called the theme, to which the personal endings are attached.
- -μι verbs, i.e. those ending in -μι in the first person singular, present active indicative, sometimes called athematic verbs. Athematic verbs do not have a connecting vowel, but the personal endings are attached directly to the stem of the verb.
Strictly speaking no Greek verb is thematic or athematic throughout; but certain of their forms are inflected thematically and others athematically.
- Thematic forms are: all presents and imperfects of -ω verbs; all second aorists whose first person singular, active indicative ends in -ον; all subjunctives
- Athematic forms are: presents and imperfects of -μι verbs; all aorists passive (except subjunctive forms); all middle and passive perfects and pluperfects; all second aorists whose tense stem does not end in ε; a few verbs (such as ἵστημι) in the second perfect and pluperfect, active; all first aorists, active and middle.
Review: Chapter 3 & Chapter 4
